H2N2V1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 001265

Cross-Species Virus Transmission and the Emergence of New Epidemic Diseases

Identifieur interne : 001265 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001264; suivant : 001266

Cross-Species Virus Transmission and the Emergence of New Epidemic Diseases

Auteurs : Colin R. Parrish ; Edward C. Holmes ; David M. Morens ; Eun-Chung Park ; Donald S. Burke ; Charles H. Calisher ; Catherine A. Laughlin ; Linda J. Saif ; Peter Daszak

Source :

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR [ 1092-2172 ] ; 2008.

RBID : PMC:2546865

Abstract

Summary: Host range is a viral property reflecting natural hosts that are infected either as part of a principal transmission cycle or, less commonly, as “spillover” infections into alternative hosts. Rarely, viruses gain the ability to spread efficiently within a new host that was not previously exposed or susceptible. These transfers involve either increased exposure or the acquisition of variations that allow them to overcome barriers to infection of the new hosts. In these cases, devastating outbreaks can result. Steps involved in transfers of viruses to new hosts include contact between the virus and the host, infection of an initial individual leading to amplification and an outbreak, and the generation within the original or new host of viral variants that have the ability to spread efficiently between individuals in populations of the new host. Here we review what is known about host switching leading to viral emergence from known examples, considering the evolutionary mechanisms, virus-host interactions, host range barriers to infection, and processes that allow efficient host-to-host transmission in the new host population.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2546865

DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00004-08
PubMed: 18772285
PubMed Central: 2546865

Affiliations:

Le document en format XML

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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Summary: Host range is a viral property reflecting natural hosts that are infected either as part of a principal transmission cycle or, less commonly, as “spillover” infections into alternative hosts. Rarely, viruses gain the ability to spread efficiently within a new host that was not previously exposed or susceptible. These transfers involve either increased exposure or the acquisition of variations that allow them to overcome barriers to infection of the new hosts. In these cases, devastating outbreaks can result. Steps involved in transfers of viruses to new hosts include contact between the virus and the host, infection of an initial individual leading to amplification and an outbreak, and the generation within the original or new host of viral variants that have the ability to spread efficiently between individuals in populations of the new host. Here we review what is known about host switching leading to viral emergence from known examples, considering the evolutionary mechanisms, virus-host interactions, host range barriers to infection, and processes that allow efficient host-to-host transmission in the new host population.</p>
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Cross-Species Virus Transmission and the Emergence of New Epidemic Diseases

Cross-Species Virus Transmission and the Emergence of New Epidemic Diseases

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Abstract

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